civil 音标拼音: [s'ɪvəl]
a .
公民的,市民的;国内的,民间的;文职的;有礼貌的,文明的
公民的,市民的;国内的,民间的;文职的;有礼貌的,文明的
civil 民用 土木
civil adj 1 :
applying to ordinary citizens as contrasted with the military ; "
civil authorities "
2 :
not rude ;
marked by satisfactory (
or especially minimal )
adherence to social usages and sufficient but not noteworthy consideration for others ; "
even if he didn '
t like them he should have been civil "-
W .
S .
Maugham [
synonym : {
civil },
{
polite }] [
ant : {
rude }, {
uncivil }]
3 :
of or occurring within the state or between or among citizens of the state ; "
civil affairs "; "
civil strife "; "
civil disobedience "; "
civil branches of government "
4 :
of or relating to or befitting citizens as individuals ;
"
civil rights "; "
civil liberty "; "
civic duties "; "
civic pride " [
synonym : {
civil }, {
civic }]
5 : (
of divisions of time )
legally recognized in ordinary affairs of life ; "
the civil calendar "; "
a civil day begins at mean midnight " [
ant : {
sidereal }]
6 :
of or in a condition of social order ; "
civil peoples "
Civil \
Civ "
il \,
a . [
L .
civilis ,
fr .
civis citizen :
cf .
F .
civil .
See {
City }.]
1 .
Pertaining to a city or state ,
or to a citizen in his relations to his fellow citizens or to the state ;
within the city or state .
[
1913 Webster ]
2 .
Subject to government ;
reduced to order ;
civilized ;
not barbarous ; --
said of the community .
[
1913 Webster ]
England was very rude and barbarous ;
for it is but even the other day since England grew civil .
--
Spenser .
[
1913 Webster ]
3 .
Performing the duties of a citizen ;
obedient to government ; --
said of an individual .
[
1913 Webster ]
Civil men come nearer the saints of God than others ;
they come within a step or two of heaven . --
Preston [
1913 Webster ]
4 .
Having the manners of one dwelling in a city ,
as opposed to those of savages or rustics ;
polite ;
courteous ;
complaisant ;
affable .
[
1913 Webster ]
Note : "
A civil man now is one observant of slight external courtesies in the mutual intercourse between man and man ;
a civil man once was one who fulfilled all the duties and obligations flowing from his position as a '
civis '
and his relations to the other members of that '
civitas .'" --
Trench [
1913 Webster ]
5 .
Pertaining to civic life and affairs ,
in distinction from military ,
ecclesiastical ,
or official state .
[
1913 Webster ]
6 .
Relating to rights and remedies sought by action or suit distinct from criminal proceedings .
[
1913 Webster ]
{
Civil action },
an action to enforce the rights or redress the wrongs of an individual ,
not involving a criminal proceeding .
{
Civil architecture },
the architecture which is employed in constructing buildings for the purposes of civil life ,
in distinction from military and naval architecture ,
as private houses ,
palaces ,
churches ,
etc .
{
Civil death }. (
Law .)
See under {
Death }.
{
Civil engineering }.
See under {
Engineering }.
{
Civil law }.
See under {
Law }.
{
Civil list }.
See under {
List }.
{
Civil remedy } (
Law ),
that given to a person injured ,
by action ,
as opposed to a criminal prosecution .
{
Civil service },
all service rendered to and paid for by the state or nation other than that pertaining to naval or military affairs .
{
Civil service reform },
the substitution of business principles and methods for the spoils system in the conduct of the civil service ,
esp .
in the matter of appointments to office .
{
Civil state },
the whole body of the laity or citizens not included under the military ,
maritime ,
and ecclesiastical states .
{
Civil suit }.
Same as {
Civil action }.
{
Civil war }.
See under {
War }.
{
Civil year }.
See under {
Year }.
[
1913 Webster ]
131 Moby Thesaurus words for "
civil ":
absolute ,
accommodating ,
affable ,
agreeable ,
amiable ,
appropriate ,
aristocratic ,
attentive ,
authoritarian ,
autocratic ,
autonomous ,
becoming ,
bland ,
bureaucratic ,
civic ,
civilian ,
civilized ,
clubbable ,
clubbish ,
clubby ,
common ,
communal ,
communicative ,
companionable ,
companionate ,
compatible ,
complaisant ,
congenial ,
congregational ,
considerate ,
constitutional ,
cordial ,
cosmopolitan ,
courteous ,
courtly ,
cultivated ,
decent ,
decorous ,
deferential ,
democratic ,
despotic ,
dictatorial ,
diplomatic ,
domestic ,
fair ,
fascist ,
federal ,
federalist ,
federalistic ,
felicitous ,
fit for society ,
fitting ,
fond of society ,
formal ,
friendly ,
general ,
genial ,
genteel ,
governmental ,
graceful ,
gracious ,
gregarious ,
gubernatorial ,
happy ,
heteronomous ,
hospitable ,
impolite ,
internal ,
international ,
laic ,
laical ,
lay ,
mannered ,
mannerly ,
matriarchal ,
matriarchic ,
meet ,
monarchal ,
monarchial ,
monarchic ,
monocratic ,
national ,
nonclerical ,
nonecclesiastical ,
nonministerial ,
nonordained ,
nonpastoral ,
nonreligious ,
obliging ,
official ,
oligarchal ,
oligarchic ,
parliamentarian ,
parliamentary ,
patriarchal ,
patriarchic ,
pluralistic ,
polished ,
polite ,
politic ,
political ,
popular ,
proper ,
public ,
refined ,
republican ,
respectful ,
right ,
secular ,
secularist ,
secularistic ,
seemly ,
self -
governing ,
sociable ,
social ,
social -
minded ,
societal ,
solicitous ,
state ,
suave ,
suitable ,
supranational ,
tactful ,
temporal ,
theocratic ,
thoughtful ,
totalitarian ,
ungracious ,
urbane ,
well -
bred ,
well -
mannered CIVIL .
This word has various significations .
1 .
It is used in contradistinction to barbarous or savage ,
to indicate a state of society reduced to order and regular government ;
thus we speak of civil life ,
civil society ,
civil government ,
and civil liberty 2 .
It is sometimes used in contradistinction to criminal ,
to indicate the private rights and remedies of men ,
as members of the community ,
in contrast to those which are public and relate to the government ;
thus we speak of civil process and criminal process ,
civil jurisdiction and criminal jurisdiction .
3 .
It is also used in contradistinction to military or ecclesiastical ,
to natural or foreign ;
thus we speak of a civil station ,
as opposed to a military or ecclesiastical station ,
a civil death as opposed to a natural death ;
a civil war as opposed to a foreign war .
Story on the Const .
Sec .
789 ;
1 Bl .
Coin .
6 ,
125 ,
251 ;
Montesq .
Sp .
of Laws ,
B 1 ,
c .
3 ;
Ruth .
Inst .
B .
2 ,
c .
2 ;
Id .
ch .
3Id .
ch .
8 ,
p .
359 ;
Hein .
Elem .
Jurisp .
Nat .
B .
2 ,
ch .
6 .
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