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The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48 (gcide)

Sun \Sun\, n. [OE. sunne, sonne, AS. sunne; akin to OFries.
sunne, D. zon, OS. & OHG. sunna, G. sonne, Icel. sunna, Goth.
sunna; perh. fr. same root as L. sol. [root]297. Cf. {Solar},
{South}.]
1. The luminous orb, the light of which constitutes day, and
its absence night; the central body round which the earth
and planets revolve, by which they are held in their
orbits, and from which they receive light and heat. Its
mean distance from the earth is about 92,500,000 miles,
and its diameter about 860,000.
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Note: Its mean apparent diameter as seen from the earth is
32' 4[sec], and it revolves on its own axis once in
251/3 days. Its mean density is about one fourth of
that of the earth, or 1.41, that of water being unity.
Its luminous surface is called the photosphere, above
which is an envelope consisting partly of hydrogen,
called the chromosphere, which can be seen only through
the spectroscope, or at the time of a total solar
eclipse. Above the chromosphere, and sometimes
extending out millions of miles, are luminous rays or
streams of light which are visible only at the time of
a total eclipse, forming the solar corona.
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2. Any heavenly body which forms the center of a system of
orbs.
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3. The direct light or warmth of the sun; sunshine.
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Lambs that did frisk in the sun. --Shak.
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4. That which resembles the sun, as in splendor or
importance; any source of light, warmth, or animation.
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For the Lord God is a sun and shield. --Ps. lxxiv.
11.
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I will never consent to put out the sun of
sovereignity to posterity. --Eikon
Basilike.
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{Sun and planet wheels} (Mach.), an ingenious contrivance for
converting reciprocating motion, as that of the working
beam of a steam engine, into rotatory motion. It consists
of a toothed wheel (called the sun wheel), firmly secured
to the shaft it is desired to drive, and another wheel
(called the planet wheel) secured to the end of a
connecting rod. By the motion of the connecting rod, the
planet wheel is made to circulate round the central wheel
on the shaft, communicating to this latter a velocity of
revolution the double of its own. --G. Francis.

{Sun angel} (Zool.), a South American humming bird of the
genus {Heliangelos}, noted for its beautiful colors and
the brilliant luster of the feathers of its throat.

{Sun animalcute}. (Zool.) See {Heliozoa}.

{Sun bath} (Med.), exposure of a patient to the sun's rays;
insolation.

{Sun bear} (Zool.), a species of bear ({Helarctos Malayanus})
native of Southern Asia and Borneo. It has a small head
and short neck, and fine short glossy fur, mostly black,
but brownish on the nose. It is easily tamed. Called also
{bruang}, and {Malayan bear}.

{Sun beetle} (Zool.), any small lustrous beetle of the genus
{Amara}.

{Sun bittern} (Zool.), a singular South American bird
({Eurypyga helias}), in some respects related both to the
rails and herons. It is beautifully variegated with white,
brown, and black. Called also {sunbird}, and {tiger
bittern}.

{Sun fever} (Med.), the condition of fever produced by sun
stroke.

{Sun gem} (Zool.), a Brazilian humming bird ({Heliactin
cornutus}). Its head is ornamented by two tufts of bright
colored feathers, fiery crimson at the base and greenish
yellow at the tip. Called also {Horned hummer}.

{Sun grebe} (Zool.), the finfoot.

{Sun picture}, a picture taken by the agency of the sun's
rays; a photograph.

{Sun spots} (Astron.), dark spots that appear on the sun's
disk, consisting commonly of a black central portion with
a surrounding border of lighter shade, and usually seen
only by the telescope, but sometimes by the naked eye.
They are very changeable in their figure and dimensions,
and vary in size from mere apparent points to spaces of
50,000 miles in diameter. The term sun spots is often used
to include bright spaces (called faculae) as well as dark
spaces (called maculae). Called also {solar spots}. See
Illustration in Appendix.

{Sun star} (Zool.), any one of several species of starfishes
belonging to {Solaster}, {Crossaster}, and allied genera,
having numerous rays.

{Sun trout} (Zool.), the squeteague.

{Sun wheel}. (Mach.) See {Sun and planet wheels}, above.

{Under the sun}, in the world; on earth. "There is no new
thing under the sun." --Eccl. i. 9.
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Note: Sun is often used in the formation of compound
adjectives of obvious meaning; as, sun-bright,
sun-dried, sun-gilt, sunlike, sun-lit, sun-scorched,
and the like.
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Sunbird \Sun"bird`\, n. (Zool.)
(a) Any one of numerous species of small brilliantly colored
birds of the family {Nectariniidae}, native of Africa,
Southern Asia, the East Indies, and Australia. In
external appearance and habits they somewhat resemble
humming birds, but they are true singing birds (Oscines).
(b) The sun bittern.
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