necessity 音标拼音: [nəs'ɛsəti] [nəs'ɛsɪti]
n . 必须,需要,必然,必需品
必须,需要,必然,必需品
necessity n 1 :
the condition of being essential or indispensable 2 :
anything indispensable ; "
food and shelter are necessities of life "; "
the essentials of the good life "; "
allow farmers to buy their requirements under favorable conditions "; "
a place where the requisites of water fuel and fodder can be obtained " [
synonym : {
necessity }, {
essential }, {
requirement },
{
requisite }, {
necessary }] [
ant : {
inessential },
{
nonessential }]
Necessity \
Ne *
ces "
si *
ty \,
n .;
pl . {
Necessities }. [
OE .
necessite ,
F .
n ['
e ]
cessit ['
e ],
L .
necessitas ,
fr .
necesse .
See {
Necessary }.]
1 .
The quality or state of being necessary ,
unavoidable ,
or absolutely requisite ;
inevitableness ;
indispensableness .
[
1913 Webster ]
2 .
The condition of being needy or necessitous ;
pressing need ;
indigence ;
want .
[
1913 Webster ]
Urge the necessity and state of times . --
Shak .
[
1913 Webster ]
The extreme poverty and necessity his majesty was in . --
Clarendon .
[
1913 Webster ]
3 .
That which is necessary ;
a necessary ;
a requisite ;
something indispensable ; --
often in the plural .
[
1913 Webster ]
These should be hours for necessities ,
Not for delights . --
Shak .
[
1913 Webster ]
What was once to me Mere matter of the fancy ,
now has grown The vast necessity of heart and life . --
Tennyson .
[
1913 Webster ]
4 .
That which makes an act or an event unavoidable ;
irresistible force ;
overruling power ;
compulsion ,
physical or moral ;
fate ;
fatality .
[
1913 Webster ]
So spake the fiend ,
and with necessity ,
The tyrant '
s plea ,
excused his devilish deeds .
--
Milton .
[
1913 Webster ]
5 . (
Metaph .)
The negation of freedom in voluntary action ;
the subjection of all phenomena ,
whether material or spiritual ,
to inevitable causation ;
necessitarianism .
[
1913 Webster ]
{
Of necessity },
by necessary consequence ;
by compulsion ,
or irresistible power ;
perforce .
[
1913 Webster ]
Syn :
See {
Need }.
[
1913 Webster ]
126 Moby Thesaurus words for "
necessity ":
absolute certainty ,
absoluteness ,
act of God ,
assurance ,
assuredness ,
bare cupboard ,
bare necessities ,
bare subsistence ,
beggarliness ,
beggary ,
call ,
call for ,
cause ,
certain knowledge ,
certainness ,
certainty ,
certitude ,
coaction ,
coercion ,
compulsion ,
compulsiveness ,
condition ,
constraint ,
dead certainty ,
decree ,
definiteness ,
demand ,
demand for ,
deprivation ,
desideration ,
desideratum ,
destitution ,
determinacy ,
determinateness ,
duress ,
empty purse ,
enforcement ,
essential ,
essentials ,
exigency ,
fate ,
fatefulness ,
force majeure ,
forcing ,
foredestiny ,
foregone conclusion ,
foreknowledge ,
foreordination ,
grinding poverty ,
gripe ,
hand -
to -
mouth existence ,
homelessness ,
impoverishment ,
indefeasibility ,
indigence ,
indispensable ,
indispensableness ,
ineluctability ,
inerrability ,
inerrancy ,
inescapableness ,
inevasibleness ,
inevitability ,
inevitable accident ,
inevitableness ,
inexorability ,
infallibilism ,
infallibility ,
inflexibility ,
irresistibility ,
irrevocability ,
lack ,
mendicancy ,
moneylessness ,
must ,
must item ,
necessaries ,
necessities ,
necessitousness ,
need ,
need for ,
needfulness ,
neediness ,
nonambiguity ,
noncontingency ,
obligation ,
obligement ,
occasion ,
pauperism ,
pauperization ,
penury ,
pinch ,
positiveness ,
predestination ,
predetermination ,
preordination ,
prerequirement ,
prerequisite ,
prescience ,
privation ,
probatum ,
proved fact ,
relentlessness ,
requirement ,
requisite ,
requisiteness ,
requisition ,
restraint ,
sine qua non ,
sureness ,
surety ,
the necessary ,
the needful ,
truth ,
unambiguity ,
unavoidable casualty ,
unavoidableness ,
uncontrollability ,
undeflectability ,
unequivocalness ,
univocity ,
unmistakableness ,
unpreventability ,
unyieldingness ,
vis major ,
want NECESSITY .
In general ,
whatever makes the contrary of a thing impossible ,
whatever may be the cause of such impossibilities ,
2 .
Whatever is done through necessity ,
is done without any intention ,
and as the act is done without will , (
q .
v .)
and is compulsory ,
the agent is not legally responsible .
Bac .
Max .
Reg .
5 .
Hence the maxim ,
necessity has no law ;
indeed necessity is itself a law which cannot be avoided nor infringed .
Clef des Lois Rom .
h .
t .;
Dig 10 ,
3 ,
10 ,
1 ;
Com .
Dig .
Pleader ,
3 M 20 ,
3 M 30 .
3 .
It follows ,
then ,
that the acts of a man in violation of law .,
or to the injury of another ,
may be justified by necessity ,
because the actor has no will to do or not to do the thing ,
he is a mere tool ;
but ,
it is conceived ,
this necessity must be absolute and irresistible ,
in fact ,
or so presumed in point of law .
4 .
The cases which are justified by necessity ,
may be classed as follows :
I .
For the preservation of life ;
as if two persons are on the same plank ,
and one must perish ,
the survivor is justified in having thrown off the other ,
who was thereby drowned .
Bac .
Max ,
Reg .
5 .
5 .-
2 .
Obedience by a person subject to the power of another ;
for example ,
if a wife should commit a larceny with her husband ,
in this case the law presumes she acted by coercion of her husband ,
and ,
being compelled ,
by necessity ,
she is justifiable .
1 Russ .
Cr .
16 ,
20 ;
Bac .
Max .
Reg .
5 .
6 .-
3 .
Those cases which arise from the act of God ,
or inevitable accident ,
or from the act of man ,
as public enemies .
Vide Act of God ;
Inevitable Accident and also 15 Vin .
Ab .
534 Dane '
s Ab h .
t .;
2 Stark .
Ev .
713 ;
Marsh .
Ins .
b .
1 ,
c .
6 ,
s .
3 Jacob '
s Intr .
to .
Com .
Law .
Reg .
74 .
7 .-
4 .
There is another species of necessity .
The actor in these cases is not compelled to do the act whether he will or not ,
but he has no choice left but to do the act which may be injurious to another ,
or to lose the total use of his property .
For example ,
when a man '
s lands are surrounded by those of others ,
so that he cannot enjoy them without trespassing on his neighbors .
The way which is thus obtained ,
is called a way of necessity .
Gale and Whatley on Easements ,
71 ;
11 Co .
52 ;
Hob .
234 ;
1 Saund .
323 ,
note .
See 3 Rawle ,
R .
495 ;
3 M '
Cord ,
R .
131 ;
Id .
170 ;
14 Mass .
R .
56 ;
2 B . &
C .
96 ;
2 Bing .
R .
76 ;
8 T .
R .
50 ;
Cro .
Jac .
170 ;
2 Roll .
Ab .
60 ;
3 Kent ,
Com .
423 ;
3 Rawle '
s R .
492 ;
1 Taunt .
R .
279 ;
8 Taunt .
R .
24 ;
ST .
R .
50 ;
Ham .
N .
P .
198 ;
Cro .
Jac .
170 ;
2 Bouv .
Inst .
n .
1637 ;
and Way .
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