captivity 音标拼音: [kæpt'ɪvəti]
n . 囚禁,被关
囚禁,被关
captivity n 1 :
the state of being imprisoned ; "
he was held in captivity until he died "; "
the imprisonment of captured soldiers ";
"
his ignominious incarceration in the local jail "; "
he practiced the immurement of his enemies in the castle dungeon " [
synonym : {
captivity }, {
imprisonment },
{
incarceration }, {
immurement }]
2 :
the state of being a slave ; "
So every bondman in his own hand bears the power to cancel his captivity "--
Shakespeare [
synonym :
{
enslavement }, {
captivity }]
Captivity \
Cap *
tiv "
i *
ty \,
n . [
L .
captivitas :
cf .
F .
captivit ['
e ].]
1 .
The state of being a captive or a prisoner .
[
1913 Webster ]
More celebrated in his captivity that in his greatest triumphs . --
Dryden .
[
1913 Webster ]
2 .
A state of being under control ;
subjection of the will or affections ;
bondage .
[
1913 Webster ]
Sink in the soft captivity together . --
Addison .
Syn :
Imprisonment ;
confinement ;
bondage ;
subjection ;
servitude ;
slavery ;
thralldom ;
serfdom .
[
1913 Webster ]
45 Moby Thesaurus words for "
captivity ":
absolutism ,
bond service ,
bondage ,
close arrest ,
confinement ,
control ,
custody ,
debt slavery ,
deprivation of freedom ,
detention ,
disenfranchisement ,
disfranchisement ,
domination ,
durance ,
durance vile ,
duress ,
enslavement ,
enthrallment ,
feudalism ,
feudality ,
helotism ,
helotry ,
house arrest ,
immuration ,
immurement ,
imprisonment ,
incarceration ,
indentureship ,
internment ,
jailing ,
peonage ,
restraint ,
serfdom ,
serfhood ,
servility ,
servitude ,
slavery ,
subjection ,
subjugation ,
term of imprisonment ,
thrall ,
thralldom ,
tyranny ,
vassalage ,
villenage Captivity (
1 .)
Of Israel .
The kingdom of the ten tribes was successively invaded by several Assyrian kings .
Pul (
q .
v .)
imposed a tribute on Menahem of a thousand talents of silver (
2 Kings 15 :
19 ,
20 ;
1 Chr .
5 :
26 ) (
B .
C .
762 ),
and Tiglath -
pileser ,
in the days of Pekah (
B .
C .
738 ),
carried away the trans -
Jordanic tribes and the inhabitants of Galilee into Assyria (
2 Kings 15 :
29 ;
Isa .
9 :
1 ).
Subsequently Shalmaneser invaded Israel and laid siege to Samaria ,
the capital of the kingdom .
During the siege he died ,
and was succeeded by Sargon ,
who took the city ,
and transported the great mass of the people into Assyria (
B .
C .
721 ),
placing them in Halah and in Habor ,
and in the cities of the Medes (
2 Kings 17 :
3 ,
5 ).
Samaria was never again inhabited by the Israelites .
The families thus removed were carried to distant cities ,
many of them not far from the Caspian Sea ,
and their place was supplied by colonists from Babylon and Cuthah ,
etc . (
2 Kings 17 :
24 ).
Thus terminated the kingdom of the ten tribes ,
after a separate duration of two hundred and fifty -
five years (
B .
C .
975 -
721 ).
Many speculations have been indulged in with reference to these ten tribes .
But we believe that all ,
except the number that probably allied themselves with Judah and shared in their restoration under Cyrus ,
are finally lost .
"
Like the dew on the mountain ,
Like the foam on the river ,
Like the bubble on the fountain ,
They are gone ,
and for ever ."
(
2 .)
Of Judah .
In the third year of Jehoiachim ,
the eighteenth king of Judah (
B .
C .
605 ),
Nebuchadnezzar having overcome the Egyptians at Carchemish ,
advanced to Jerusalem with a great army .
After a brief siege he took that city ,
and carried away the vessels of the sanctuary to Babylon ,
and dedicated them in the Temple of Belus (
2 Kings 24 :
1 ;
2 Chr .
36 :
6 ,
7 ;
Dan .
1 :
1 ,
2 ).
He also carried away the treasures of the king ,
whom he made his vassal .
At this time ,
from which is dated the "
seventy years "
of captivity (
Jer .
25 ;
Dan .
9 :
1 ,
2 ),
Daniel and his companions were carried to Babylon ,
there to be brought up at the court and trained in all the learning of the Chaldeans .
After this ,
in the fifth year of Jehoiakim ,
a great national fast was appointed (
Jer .
36 :
9 ),
during which the king ,
to show his defiance ,
cut up the leaves of the book of Jeremiah '
s prophecies as they were read to him in his winter palace ,
and threw them into the fire .
In the same spirit he rebelled against Nebuchadnezzar (
2 Kings 24 :
1 ),
who again a second time (
B .
C .
598 )
marched against Jerusalem ,
and put Jehoiachim to death ,
placing his son Jehoiachin on the throne in his stead .
But Jehoiachin '
s counsellors displeasing Nebuchadnezzar ,
he again a third time turned his army against Jerusalem ,
and carried away to Babylon a second detachment of Jews as captives ,
to the number of 10 ,
000 (
2 Kings 24 :
13 ;
Jer .
24 :
1 ;
2 Chr .
36 :
10 ),
among whom were the king ,
with his mother and all his princes and officers ,
also Ezekiel ,
who with many of his companions were settled on the banks of the river Chebar (
q .
v .).
He also carried away all the remaining treasures of the temple and the palace ,
and the golden vessels of the sanctuary .
Mattaniah ,
the uncle of Jehoiachin ,
was now made king over what remained of the kingdom of Judah ,
under the name of Zedekiah (
2 Kings 24 :
17 ;
2 Chr .
36 :
10 ).
After a troubled reign of eleven years his kingdom came to an end (
2 Chr .
36 :
11 ).
Nebuchadnezzar ,
with a powerful army ,
besieged Jerusalem ,
and Zedekiah became a prisoner in Babylon .
His eyes were put out ,
and he was kept in close confinement till his death (
2 Kings 25 :
7 ).
The city was spoiled of all that was of value ,
and then given up to the flames .
The temple and palaces were consumed ,
and the walls of the city were levelled with the ground (
B .
C .
586 ),
and all that remained of the people ,
except a number of the poorest class who were left to till the ground and dress the vineyards ,
were carried away captives to Babylon .
This was the third and last deportation of Jewish captives .
The land was now utterly desolate ,
and was abondoned to anarchy .
In the first year of his reign as king of Babylon (
B .
C .
536 ),
Cyrus issued a decree liberating the Jewish captives ,
and permitting them to return to Jerusalem and rebuild the city and the temple (
2 Chr .
36 :
22 ,
23 ;
Ezra 1 ;
2 ).
The number of the people forming the first caravan ,
under Zerubbabel ,
amounted in all to 42 ,
360 (
Ezra 2 :
64 ,
65 ),
besides 7 ,
337 men -
servants and maid -
servants .
A considerable number ,
12 ,
000 probably ,
from the ten tribes who had been carried away into Assyria no doubt combined with this band of liberated captives .
At a later period other bands of the Jews returned (
1 )
under Ezra (
7 :
7 ) (
B .
C .
458 ),
and (
2 )
Nehemiah (
7 :
66 ) (
B .
C .
445 ).
But the great mass of the people remained still in the land to which they had been carried ,
and became a portion of the Jews of the "
dispersion " (
John 7 :
35 ;
1 Pet .
1 :
1 ).
The whole number of the exiles that chose to remain was probably about six times the number of those who returned .
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