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calculus    音标拼音: [k'ælkjələs]
n. 微积分学,结石

微积分学,结石

calculus
演算; 计算

calculus
微积分 演算

calculus
n 1: a hard lump produced by the concretion of mineral salts;
found in hollow organs or ducts of the body; "renal calculi
can be very painful" [synonym: {calculus}, {concretion}]
2: an incrustation that forms on the teeth and gums [synonym:
{tartar}, {calculus}, {tophus}]
3: the branch of mathematics that is concerned with limits and
with the differentiation and integration of functions [synonym:
{calculus}, {infinitesimal calculus}]

Mathematics \Math`e*mat"ics\, n. [F. math['e]matiques, pl., L.
mathematica, sing., Gr. ? (sc. ?) science. See {Mathematic},
and {-ics}.]
That science, or class of sciences, which treats of the exact
relations existing between quantities or magnitudes, and of
the methods by which, in accordance with these relations,
quantities sought are deducible from other quantities known
or supposed; the science of spatial and quantitative
relations.
[1913 Webster]

Note: Mathematics embraces three departments, namely: 1.
{Arithmetic}. 2. {Geometry}, including {Trigonometry}
and {Conic Sections}. 3. {Analysis}, in which letters
are used, including {Algebra}, {Analytical Geometry},
and {Calculus}. Each of these divisions is divided into
pure or abstract, which considers magnitude or quantity
abstractly, without relation to matter; and mixed or
applied, which treats of magnitude as subsisting in
material bodies, and is consequently interwoven with
physical considerations.
[1913 Webster]


Calculus \Cal"cu*lus\, n.; pl. {Calculi}. [L, calculus. See
{Calculate}, and {Calcule}.]
1. (Med.) Any solid concretion, formed in any part of the
body, but most frequent in the organs that act as
reservoirs, and in the passages connected with them; as,
biliary calculi; urinary calculi, etc.
[1913 Webster]

2. (Math.) A method of computation; any process of reasoning
by the use of symbols; any branch of mathematics that may
involve calculation.
[1913 Webster]

{Barycentric calculus}, a method of treating geometry by
defining a point as the center of gravity of certain other
points to which co["e]fficients or weights are ascribed.


{Calculus of functions}, that branch of mathematics which
treats of the forms of functions that shall satisfy given
conditions.

{Calculus of operations}, that branch of mathematical logic
that treats of all operations that satisfy given
conditions.

{Calculus of probabilities}, the science that treats of the
computation of the probabilities of events, or the
application of numbers to chance.

{Calculus of variations}, a branch of mathematics in which
the laws of dependence which bind the variable quantities
together are themselves subject to change.

{Differential calculus}, a method of investigating
mathematical questions by using the ratio of certain
indefinitely small quantities called differentials. The
problems are primarily of this form: to find how the
change in some variable quantity alters at each instant
the value of a quantity dependent upon it.

{Exponential calculus}, that part of algebra which treats of
exponents.

{Imaginary calculus}, a method of investigating the relations
of real or imaginary quantities by the use of the
imaginary symbols and quantities of algebra.

{Integral calculus}, a method which in the reverse of the
differential, the primary object of which is to learn from
the known ratio of the indefinitely small changes of two
or more magnitudes, the relation of the magnitudes
themselves, or, in other words, from having the
differential of an algebraic expression to find the
expression itself.
[1913 Webster]



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  • Calculus - Wikipedia
    Calculus is the mathematical study of continuous change, and the principal precursor of modern mathematical analysis Originally called infinitesimal calculus or the calculus of infinitesimals, it has two major branches, differential calculus and integral calculus
  • Calculus - Math is Fun
    The word Calculus comes from Latin meaning small stone, because it is like understanding something by looking at small pieces
  • Calculus 1 - Math | Khan Academy
    Calculus 1 8 units · 171 skills Unit 1 Limits and continuity Unit 2 Derivatives: definition and basic rules Unit 3 Derivatives: chain rule and other advanced topics
  • Calculus Online Textbook | Mathematics - MIT OpenCourseWare
    The videos, which include real-life examples to illustrate the concepts, are ideal for high school students, college students, and anyone interested in learning the basics of calculus
  • Calculus - GeeksforGeeks
    Calculus, developed by Newton and Leibniz, is the branch of mathematics that helps us study how quantities change and how they accumulate It allows us to understand motion, growth, rates, and areas under curves
  • Calculus I - Pauls Online Math Notes
    Review - In this chapter we give a brief review of selected topics from Algebra and Trig that are vital to surviving a Calculus course Included are Functions, Trig Functions, Solving Trig Equations and Equations, Exponential Logarithm Functions and Solving Exponential Logarithm Equations
  • What Is Calculus? Definition and Practical Applications
    Calculus is the study of rates of change Gottfried Leibniz and Isaac Newton, 17th-century mathematicians, both invented calculus independently Newton invented it first, but Leibniz created the notations that mathematicians use today
  • INTRODUCTION TO CALCULUS - Harvard University
    Calculus is a theory of differentiation and integration We explore here this concept again in a simple setup and practice differentiation and integration without taking limits
  • Calculus - Home
    This site contains high school calculus video lessons from four experienced high school math teachers There are packets, practice problems, and answers provided on the site
  • Calculus | Definition Facts | Britannica
    Calculus, branch of mathematics concerned with instantaneous rates of change and the summation of infinitely many small factors





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