TWENEX
/twe 'neks / The TOPS -20 {operating system }
by {DEC } - the second proprietary OS for the {PDP -10 } -
preferred by most PDP -10 hackers over TOPS -10 (that is , by
those who were not {ITS } or {WAITS } partisans ). TOPS -20 began
in 1969 as {Bolt , Beranek & Newman}'s {TENEX} operating system
using special paging hardware. By the early 1970s, almost all
of the systems on the {ARPANET} ran TENEX. DEC purchased the
rights to TENEX from BBN and began work to make it their own.
The first in-house code name for the operating system was
VIROS (VIRtual memory Operating System); when customers
started asking questions , the name was changed to SNARK so DEC
could truthfully deny that there was any project called VIROS .
When the name SNARK became known , the name was briefly
reversed to become KRANS ; this was quickly abandoned when
someone objected that "krans " meant "funeral wreath " in
Swedish (though some Swedish speakers have since said it means
simply "wreath "; this part of the story may be apocryphal ).
Ultimately DEC picked TOPS -20 as the name of the operating
system , and it was as TOPS -20 that it was marketed . The
hacker community , mindful of its origins , quickly dubbed it
TWENEX (a contraction of "twenty TENEX "), even though by this
point very little of the original TENEX code remained
(analogously to the differences between AT &T V6 Unix and BSD).
DEC people cringed when they heard "TWENEX", but the term
caught on nevertheless (the written abbreviation "20x" was
also used). TWENEX was successful and very popular; in fact ,
there was a period in the early 1980s when it commanded as
fervent a culture of partisans as Unix or ITS - but DEC 's
decision to scrap all the internal rivals to the VAX
architecture and its relatively stodgy VMS OS killed the
DEC -20 and put a sad end to TWENEX 's brief day in the sun .
DEC attempted to convince TOPS -20 users to convert to {VMS },
but instead , by the late 1980s , most of the TOPS -20 hackers
had migrated to Unix .
[{Jargon File }]
(1995 -04 -01 )TWENEX : /
twe ´
neks /,
n .
The TOPS -
20 operating system by DEC —
the second proprietary OS for the PDP -
10 —
preferred by most PDP -
10 hackers over TOPS -
10 (
that is ,
by those who were not ITS or WAITS partisans ).
TOPS -
20 began in 1969 as Bolt ,
Beranek &
Newman '
s TENEX operating system using special paging hardware .
By the early 1970s ,
almost all of the systems on the ARPANET ran TENEX .
DEC purchased the rights to TENEX from BBN and began work to make it their own .
The first in -
house code name for the operating system was VIROS (
VIRtual memory Operating System );
when customers started asking questions ,
the name was changed to SNARK so DEC could truthfully deny that there was any project called VIROS .
When the name SNARK became known ,
the name was briefly reversed to become KRANS ;
this was quickly abandoned when someone objected that krans meant ‘
funeral wreath ’
in Swedish (
though some Swedish speakers have since said it means simply ‘
wreath ’;
this part of the story may be apocryphal ).
Ultimately DEC picked TOPS -
20 as the name of the operating system ,
and it was as TOPS -
20 that it was marketed .
The hacker community ,
mindful of its origins ,
quickly dubbed it TWENEX (
a contraction of ‘
twenty TENEX ’),
even though by this point very little of the original TENEX code remained (
analogously to the differences between AT &
T V6 Unix and BSD ).
DEC people cringed when they heard “
TWENEX ”,
but the term caught on nevertheless (
the written abbreviation ‘
20x ’
was also used ).
TWENEX was successful and very popular ;
in fact ,
there was a period in the early 1980s when it commanded as fervent a culture of partisans as Unix or ITS —
but DEC '
s decision to scrap all the internal rivals to the VAX architecture and its relatively stodgy VMS OS killed the DEC -
20 and put a sad end to TWENEX '
s brief day in the sun .
DEC attempted to convince TOPS -
20 users to convert to VMS ,
but instead ,
by the late 1980s ,
most of the TOPS -
20 hackers had migrated to Unix .
There is a TOPS -
20 home page .
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