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ontology    音标拼音: [ɑnt'ɑlədʒi]
n. 存在论

存在论

ontology
n 1: (computer science) a rigorous and exhaustive organization
of some knowledge domain that is usually hierarchical and
contains all the relevant entities and their relations
2: the metaphysical study of the nature of being and existence

Ontology \On*tol"o*gy\, n. [Gr. ? the things which exist
(pl.neut. of ?, ?, being, p. pr. of ? to be) -logy: cf. F.
ontologie.]
1. That department of the science of metaphysics which
investigates and explains the nature and essential
properties and relations of all beings, as such, or the
principles and causes of being.
[1913 Webster]

2. (Computers) A systematic arrangement of all of the
important categories of objects or concepts which exist in
some field of discourse, showing the relations between
them. When complete, an ontology is a categorization of
all of the concepts in some field of knowledge, including
the objects and all of the properties, relations, and
functions needed to define the objects and specify their
actions. A simplified ontology may contain only a
hierarchical classification (a {taxonomy}) showing the
type subsumption relations between concepts in the field
of discourse. An ontology may be visualized as an abstract
graph with nodes and labeled arcs representing the objects
and relations.

Note: The concepts included in an ontology and the
hierarchical ordering will be to a certain extent
arbitrary, depending upon the purpose for which the
ontology is created. This arises from the fact that
objects are of varying importance for different
purposes, and different properties of objects may be
chosen as the criteria by which objects are classified.
In addition, different degrees of aggregation of
concepts may be used, and distinctions of importance
for one purpose may be of no concern for a different
purpose.
[PJC]

28 Moby Thesaurus words for "ontology":
aesthetics, axiology, casuistry, cosmology, epistemology, ethics,
existentialism, first philosophy, gnosiology, logic,
mental philosophy, metaphysics, moral philosophy, phenomenology,
philosophastry, philosophic doctrine, philosophic system,
philosophic theory, philosophical inquiry,
philosophical speculation, philosophy, school of philosophy,
school of thought, science of being, sophistry, theory of beauty,
theory of knowledge, value theory

1. A systematic account of Existence.

2. (From philosophy) An explicit
formal specification of how to represent the objects, concepts
and other entities that are assumed to exist in some area of
interest and the relationships that hold among them.

For {AI} systems, what "exists" is that which can be
represented. When the {knowledge} about a {domain} is
represented in a {declarative language}, the set of objects
that can be represented is called the {universe of discourse}.
We can describe the ontology of a program by defining a set of
representational terms. Definitions associate the names of
entities in the {universe of discourse} (e.g. classes,
relations, functions or other objects) with human-readable
text describing what the names mean, and formal {axioms} that
constrain the interpretation and well-formed use of these
terms. Formally, an ontology is the statement of a {logical
theory}.

A set of {agents} that share the same ontology will be able to
communicate about a domain of discourse without necessarily
operating on a globally shared theory. We say that an agent
commits to an ontology if its observable actions are
consistent with the definitions in the ontology. The idea of
ontological commitment is based on the {Knowledge-Level}
perspective.

3. The hierarchical structuring of
knowledge about things by subcategorising them according to
their essential (or at least relevant and/or cognitive)
qualities. See {subject index}. This is an extension of the
previous senses of "ontology" (above) which has become common
in discussions about the difficulty of maintaining {subject
indices}.

(1997-04-09)


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  • Ontology - Wikipedia
    Ontology is the study of being It is the branch of philosophy that investigates the nature of existence, the features all entities have in common, and how they are divided into basic categories of being [1] It aims to discover the foundational building blocks of the world and characterize reality as a whole in its most general aspects [a] In this regard, ontology contrasts with individual
  • Ontology | Definition, History Examples | Britannica
    Ontology, the philosophical study of being in general, or of what applies neutrally to everything that is real It was called “first philosophy” by Aristotle in Book IV of his Metaphysics The Latin term ontologia (“science of being”) was felicitously invented by the German philosopher Jacob
  • ONTOLOGY Definition Meaning - Merriam-Webster
    The meaning of ONTOLOGY is a branch of metaphysics concerned with the nature and relations of being How to use ontology in a sentence
  • Ontology (information science) - Wikipedia
    Ontology in philosophy Ontology is a branch of philosophy and intersects areas such as metaphysics, epistemology, and philosophy of language, as it considers how knowledge, language, and perception relate to the nature of reality Metaphysics deals with questions like "what exists?" and "what is the nature of reality?"
  • Ontology - Research-Methodology
    Ontology in business research can be defined as “the science or study of being” [1] and it deals with the nature of reality Ontology is a system of belief that reflects an interpretation of an individual about what constitutes a fact In simple terms, ontology is associated with what we consider as reality
  • Ontology and Information Systems - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
    Ontology in computer and information science shares with philosophy that it includes a study of categories (see the entry on categories) but with a practical focus on recording an inventory of categories in a formal syntax and often with some formal semantics
  • Ontology: Explanation and Examples - Philosophy Terms
    Ontology and metaphysics both get confused with epistemology, but epistemology is easier to separate out Epistemology is the study of knowledge, of how we know what we know
  • What Is Ontology in Research and Why Does It Matter?
    Ontology in research is the study of what exists and what is real It’s the set of assumptions a researcher holds about the nature of reality itself, and those assumptions quietly shape every decision that follows: what questions get asked, what counts as evidence, and which methods are used to collect it
  • Introduction to Ontologies - GeeksforGeeks
    Ontologies in Artificial Intelligence (AI) are used to represent knowledge in a structured way They define concepts, properties, and relationships within a domain, helping AI systems understand how different pieces of information are connected Ontologies also provide a shared understanding of data, improving communication and reasoning across systems Organize domain knowledge in a
  • Ontology - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
    Ontology Parmenides was among the first to propose an ontological characterization of the fundamental nature of reality Ontology is the philosophical study of the nature of being, becoming, existence, or reality It is part of the major branch of philosophy known as metaphysics





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