COBOL
COBOL 语言,面向商业的通用语言
COBOL 语言,面向商业的通用语言
COBOL 普通商用语言
COBOL n 1 :
common business -
oriented language Language \
Lan "
guage \,
n . [
OE .
langage ,
F .
langage ,
fr .
L .
lingua the tongue ,
hence speech ,
language ;
akin to E .
tongue .
See {
Tongue },
cf . {
Lingual }.]
[
1913 Webster ]
1 .
Any means of conveying or communicating ideas ;
specifically ,
human speech ;
the expression of ideas by the voice ;
sounds ,
expressive of thought ,
articulated by the organs of the throat and mouth .
[
1913 Webster ]
Note :
Language consists in the oral utterance of sounds which usage has made the representatives of ideas .
When two or more persons customarily annex the same sounds to the same ideas ,
the expression of these sounds by one person communicates his ideas to another .
This is the primary sense of language ,
the use of which is to communicate the thoughts of one person to another through the organs of hearing .
Articulate sounds are represented to the eye by letters ,
marks ,
or characters ,
which form words .
[
1913 Webster ]
2 .
The expression of ideas by writing ,
or any other instrumentality .
[
1913 Webster ]
3 .
The forms of speech ,
or the methods of expressing ideas ,
peculiar to a particular nation .
[
1913 Webster ]
4 .
The characteristic mode of arranging words ,
peculiar to an individual speaker or writer ;
manner of expression ;
style .
[
1913 Webster ]
Others for language all their care express . --
Pope .
[
1913 Webster ]
5 .
The inarticulate sounds by which animals inferior to man express their feelings or their wants .
[
1913 Webster ]
6 .
The suggestion ,
by objects ,
actions ,
or conditions ,
of ideas associated therewith ;
as ,
the language of flowers .
[
1913 Webster ]
There was . . .
language in their very gesture .
--
Shak .
[
1913 Webster ]
7 .
The vocabulary and phraseology belonging to an art or department of knowledge ;
as ,
medical language ;
the language of chemistry or theology .
[
1913 Webster ]
8 .
A race ,
as distinguished by its speech . [
R .]
[
1913 Webster ]
All the people ,
the nations ,
and the languages ,
fell down and worshiped the golden image . --
Dan .
iii .
7 .
[
1913 Webster ]
9 .
Any system of symbols created for the purpose of communicating ideas ,
emotions ,
commands ,
etc .,
between sentient agents .
[
PJC ]
10 .
Specifically : (
computers )
Any set of symbols and the rules for combining them which are used to specify to a computer the actions that it is to take ;
also referred to as a {
computer lanugage }
or {
programming language };
as ,
JAVA is a new and flexible high -
level language which has achieved popularity very rapidly .
[
PJC ]
Note :
Computer languages are classed a low -
level if each instruction specifies only one operation of the computer ,
or high -
level if each instruction may specify a complex combination of operations . {
Machine language }
and {
assembly language }
are low -
level computer languages . {
FORTRAN }, {
COBOL }
and {
C }
are high -
level computer languages .
Other computer languages ,
such as JAVA ,
allow even more complex combinations of low -
level operations to be performed with a single command .
Many programs ,
such as databases ,
are supplied with special languages adapted to manipulate the objects of concern for that specific program .
These are also high -
level languages .
[
PJC ]
{
Language master },
a teacher of languages . [
Obs .]
Syn :
Speech ;
tongue ;
idiom ;
dialect ;
phraseology ;
diction ;
discourse ;
conversation ;
talk .
Usage : {
Language }, {
Speech }, {
Tongue }, {
Idiom }, {
Dialect }.
Language is generic ,
denoting ,
in its most extended use ,
any mode of conveying ideas ;
speech is the language of articulate sounds ;
tongue is the Anglo -
Saxon term for language ,
esp .
for spoken language ;
as ,
the English tongue .
Idiom denotes the forms of construction peculiar to a particular language ;
dialects are varieties of expression which spring up in different parts of a country among people speaking substantially the same language .
[
1913 Webster ]
higher programming language \
higher programming language \
n .
(
Computers )
A computer programming language with an instruction set allowing one instruction to code for several assembly language instructions .
Note :
The aggregation of several assembly -
language instructions into one instruction allows much greater efficiency in writing computer programs .
Most programs are now written in some higher programming language ,
such as {
BASIC }, {
FORTRAN }, {
COBOL }, {
C }, {
C },
{
PROLOG },
or {
JAVA }.
[
PJC ]
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